Which of the following best describes entitlement to Social Security benefits?

Entitlement to Social Security benefits is primarily based on an individual's work history and the contributions they have made to the Social Security system through payroll taxes. Specifically, a person must earn a certain number of "work credits," which are earned by working and paying Social Security taxes. The number of credits needed to qualify for benefits varies depending on the type of benefit being applied for, such as retirement or disability benefits.

This system ensures that benefits are linked to the amount of time and money a worker has contributed, reinforcing the principle that Social Security functions as a form of insurance against economic hardship in retirement or during disability. Therefore, work history and contributions are the fundamental criteria that determine eligibility for Social Security benefits.