Which of the following factors does not affect a covered worker's social security retirement benefits?

In the context of Social Security retirement benefits, financial need does not play a role in determining the amount a covered worker receives upon retirement. Social Security benefits are primarily based on an individual's work history, previous earnings, and the age at which they choose to retire.

Specifically, work history refers to the number of years a worker has contributed to the Social Security system, which directly affects the calculation of benefits. Previous earnings are also significant, as benefits are based on the highest-earning years during a worker's career. Additionally, the age at retirement influences the benefit amount, as taking benefits early can reduce the monthly payment, while delaying benefits can increase them.

Thus, while financial need may affect eligibility for certain types of assistance or social programs, it does not impact the calculation of standard Social Security retirement benefits.